fa آشنایی با رشد حرکتی و مشکلات حرکتی کودکان با آسیب بینایی عمومي General مروری Review Article <p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl unicode-bidi: embed"><b><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'B Zar'">زمینه:</span></i></b><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'B Zar'"> کودکان دارای آسیب بینایی در زندگی با چالش‌های متعددی از جمله مشکلات جسمی</span></i><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><i><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></i><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'B Zar'">و روانی روبه­رو می‌شوند. می‌توان به مشکلاتی همچون؛ عدم</span></i><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><i><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></i><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'B Zar'">استقلال</span></i><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><i><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></i><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'B Zar'">فردی،</span></i><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><i><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></i><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'B Zar'">افزایش وابستگی</span></i><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><i><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></i><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'B Zar'">به</span></i><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><i><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></i><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'B Zar'">دیگران،</span></i><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><i><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></i><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'B Zar'">افت</span></i><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><i><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></i><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'B Zar'">عملکرد،</span></i><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><i><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></i><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'B Zar'">امید</span></i><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><i><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></i><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'B Zar'">کم</span></i><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><i><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></i><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'B Zar'">به</span></i><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><i><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></i><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'B Zar'">آینده و</span></i><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><i><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></i><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'B Zar'">نیازمند</span></i><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><i><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></i><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'B Zar'">شدن</span></i><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><i><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></i><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'B Zar'">به</span></i><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><i><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></i><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'B Zar'">کمک</span></i><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><i><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></i><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'B Zar'">در انجام</span></i><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><i><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></i><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'B Zar'">امور زندگی،</span></i><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><i><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></i><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'B Zar'">انزوای</span></i><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><i><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></i><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'B Zar'">اجتماعی و عدم</span></i><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><i><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></i><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'B Zar'">شرکت</span></i><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><i><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></i><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'B Zar'">در</span></i><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><i><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></i><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'B Zar'">فعالیت‌های اجتماعی در این کودکان</span></i><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><i><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></i><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'B Zar'">اشاره نمود<o:p /></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl unicode-bidi: embed"><b><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'B Zar'">نتیجه گیری:</span></i></b><i><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: 'B Zar'"> توجه به رشد حرکتی در دوران نوزادی و اوایل کودکی می‌تواند به استقلال فرد با آسیب بینایی در تمامی حیطه‌های زندگی کمک نماید. با آگاه شدن از مراحل رشد حرکتی و مشکلات حرکتی در کودکان با آسیب بینایی می‌توان مداخلات و توجهات بهنگامی را به این گروه ارائه نمود.<o:p /></span></i></p> Background: Children with visual impairment face many challenges in life, such as physical and psychological problems. These problems include individual independency, increasing attachment, decreasing of function, hopelessness, need to help and withdrawal. Conclusion: Paying attention to motor development during infancy and early childhood improve independency of blind student in all areas. Becoming aware of motor development and motor problems in children with visual impairment is useful for providing early interventions for this group. رشد حرکتی, مشکلات حرکتی, کودکان با آسیب بینایی motor development, motor problems, children with visual impairment 37 43 http://exceptionaleducation.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-292-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 fatemeh torabi فاطمه ترابی FTORABI1385@GMAIL.COM 10031947532846002139 10031947532846002139 Yes Allame tabatabaii university دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی