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Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common psychological disorder with a high rate of incidence reported in adolescents. This disorder causes many social and economic costs for the affected people and the society as well as affecting the social, educational and occupational performance of these adolescents.
Method: Some papers on obsessive-compulsive disorder in adolescents in Scopus from 2000 to 2018, Eric from 2005 to 2018, and PubMed databases and Google's search engine from 1995 to 2018 were investigated using the keywords obsession, obsessive disorder, compulsive disorder, and related terms.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that due to genetic and non-genetic factors, obsessive-compulsive disorder affects the educational and social performance of these adolescents. Thus, diagnosis and timely intervention can enhance the social, emotional and educational performance of these students.

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Abstract
Background and Purpose: Awareness of the current situation, followed by an informed decision to continue
the path or make the necessary reforms to improve the current situation is a requirement for the success of
integrated-inclusive education. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of providing a
comprehensive picture of the current conditions of integrated-inclusive education.
Method: In this descriptive-survey study, the opinions of 104 interface and receptive teachers of Kurdistan
province about the conditions of students with special needs in regular schools, were investigated by a
researcher-made questionnaire.
Results: Findings showed that inadequate access of students with special needs to educational and
rehabilitation support, inadequacy of schools physically, high number of students in classes, low use of
various teaching methods and research-oriented strategies, less participation of students with special needs
in various school activities, are as shortcomings of the current situation of integrated-inclusive education.
Also, low participation of students with special needs or their parents in effective decisions in their life,
dissatisfaction and lack of enjoyment of being in the classroom most of the time, less expectations of teachers
and school staff from students with special needs, How the interface teachers works with these students
are another issue of the current situation of integrated-inclusive education that needs to be corrected and
revised. Some of the findings indicate acceptable points of the current situation, including that adaptations
of student assessment of special needs often do not change expected standards and also the curriculum
reasonably prepares students to participate in society and live with other people. In addition, students with
special needs have two or three close friends in the regular classroom and school.
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that integrated-inclusive education in some aspects
has a long way to go to reach the desired point, which in the end provided recommendations to improve the
current situation and eliminate its shortcomings.
 

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One of the issues that has long been of interest to researchers is learning disorder. This term was first proposed by Samuel Kirk in 1963 to describe a group of children who were impaired in the development of language, speech, reading, and communication skills. He believed that the cause of these disorders was brain damage and brain malfunctioning. However learning disabilities in the Adler-Dreikurs approach is called learning difficulties which are created due to various factors such as lack of encouragement, lack of respect, lack of sense of belonging, lack of empowerment, lack of accountability, Poor self-concept, lack of cooperation and lifestyle. The present paper aims to examine each of these factors on learning difficulties. For this purpose, some articles about Adler-Dreikurs approach to reading problems in Scopus, Eric, Pubmed and Google search engines were studied using the key words of reading disorder and individual psychology and other related terms. The results of this study showed that improving the sense of belonging, encouragement, empowerment, accountability, self-concept and lifestyle of students with reading difficulties would enhance students' ability to read.
 

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Abstract
Background and Aim: Jasper is a purposeful intervention through play that is used to increase interaction,
play, and social communication skills. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the nature
and application of Jasper intervention for children with an autism spectrum disorder.
Materials and Methods: Systematic review was used for the data analysis in the present study. The
methodology was also based on the collection, classification, and summarization of the findings of research
articles on Jasper in 2020- 2006, derived from the foreign databases including Eric, Ebsco, Google Scholar,
Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed using the keywords: intervention, Jasper, children with autism
spectrum disorder and related words. At the initial search, a total number of 70 articles were selected, of
which 5 article was excluded due to review, and 3 article was excluded for duplication in several databases,
51 were excluded due to inconsistency with Jasper's intervention and inconsistency with the research topic.
Finally, 11 articles were selected to be investigated.
Results: The results showed that Jasper intervention leads to more diversity in play, the beginning of shared
attention, and joint engagement of children with autism.
Conclusion: By reviewing the studies, it can be concluded that Jasper's intervention has good flexibility
with other interventions, and this flexibility allows Jasper to be easily used in different environments such
as inclusion and special education classrooms and daily activities at home. Also, the results showed that
Jasper's intervention improves problems of joint attention, play, cognition, language and better interaction
with parents.
 

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Background: Cerebral palsy can be defined as impaired motor control and posture caused by damage to the central nervous system and imposes damage in the future life of the person. Method: This is a report of 5 year-old case suffering from mild cerebral palsy referred to speech therapy due to the lack of clarity of speech. Evaluating speech of the child, central vocabulary approach began due to severe instability of speech errors as well as parents’ report expressing lack of clarity of speech even after treatment by the therapist. Results: After 14 sessions of treatment with this approach, the therapist observed an increase in production stability, improvement in overall clarity of speech and an increase of parent’s consents of the child's speech development. Conclusion: It seems that the treatment of instability in production of speech with core vocabulary approach is useful.

Method: This is a report of 5 year-old case suffering from mild cerebral palsy referred to speech therapy due to the lack of clarity of speech. Evaluating speech of the child, central vocabulary approach began due to severe instability of speech errors as well as parents’ report expressing lack of clarity of speech even after treatment by the therapist.

Results: After 14 sessions of treatment with this approach, the therapist observed an increase in production stability, improvement in overall clarity of speech and an increase of parent’s consents of the child's speech development.

Conclusion: It seems that the treatment of instability in production of speech with core vocabulary approach is useful.